ABSTRACT
Objetivos Evaluar la equidad en la detección temprana del cáncer de seno, comparando el acceso real y la oportunidad de la mamografía según la condición de afiliación a la seguridad social en salud de la mujer. Métodos Se adelantó un seguimiento retrospectivo a mujeres en tratamiento por esta patología en Bogotá, Cali, Medellín, Bucaramanga y Barranquilla entre enero de 2005 y junio de 2006 a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta personal para recoger información sobre el acceso real y la oportunidad de la mamografía como prueba de detección temprana. Para establecer diferencias según la condición de afiliación a la seguridad social en salud se calcularon OR con intervalos de confianza del 95 por ciento, ajustados a través de modelos de regresión logística múltiple y se evaluaron posibles interacciones a través del test de verosimilitudes. Resultados Comparadas con las afiliadas al régimen contributivo, tienen menor probabilidad de acceso real a una mamografía para detección temprana las afiliadas al régimen subsidiado (OR=0,46; IC95 por ciento=0,26-0,72) y las pobres sin seguro de salud (OR=0,36; IC95 por ciento=0,13-0,65). Además, el nivel educativo se asocia con el acceso real a esta prueba ya que, comparadas con las alfabetas, las analfabetas tienen menor probabilidad de usar una mamografía de detección (OR=0,13; IC95 por ciento=0,02-0,30). Finalmente, comparadas con las afiliadas al régimen contributivo, las afiliadas al régimen subsidiado tienen menor probabilidad de acceder oportunamente a la mamografía de detección temprana (OR=0,10; IC95 por ciento=0,04-0,41). Conclusiones El uso de una mamografía para detección temprana del cáncer de seno es inequitativo pues tienen menores probabilidades de hacerlo las mujeres más vulnerables de la escala social.
Objectives Evaluating equity regarding early breast cancer detection by comparing real access to and opportunity for mammography screening according to women's social health insurance status. Methods A retrospective follow-up study was conducted on women receiving breast cancer treatment in Bogotá, Cali, Medellin, Bucaramanga and Barranquilla between January 2005 and June 2006. A survey was carried out for collecting data about real access to and the opportunity of having mammography screening. OR and 95 percent confidence intervals were calculated (adjusted by multivariate logistical regression models) for establishing differences according to health insurance status. Possible interactions were investigated through verisimilarity log-like test. Results Women belonging to the contributory regime had a lower probability of real access to mammography screening for early detection of breast cancer than those affiliated to the subsidised regimen (OR=0,46; 0,26-0,72 95 percentCI) and poor uninsured women (OR=0,36; 0,13-0,65 95 percentCI). Educational level was also associated with real access to mammography, illiterate women having a lower probability of receiving mammography screening than literate women (OR=0,13; 0,02-0,30 95 percentCI). Women having government-subsidised health insurance had a lower probability of accessing timely mammography screening (OR=0,10; 0,04-0,41 95 percentCI). Conclusions : Mammography screening for the early detection of breast cancer is not equitable and such inequality particularly affects the most vulnerable women.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Health Services Accessibility , Insurance, Health , Mammography , Medically Uninsured , Social Security , Socioeconomic Factors , Colombia , Confidence Intervals , Education , Follow-Up Studies , Mass Screening , Multivariate Analysis , Poverty , Retrospective Studies , Rural Population , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
Objetivos: Evaluar la equidad en el acceso a la biopsia para diagnóstico del cßncer de seno en Colombia, comparando las barreras que enfrentaron mujeres en tratamiento por cßncer de seno para el acceso a este procedimiento según su condición de afiliación a la seguridad social en salud.Métodos: Se adelantó un seguimiento retrospectivo a mujeres en tratamiento por esta enfermedad captadas en instituciones de seis ciudades; a las que se les aplicó una encuesta para recoger información sobre su tipo de afiliación a la seguridad social en salud y haber enfrentado barreras geográficas, económicas, organizacionales y de las administradoras del seguro, que obstaculizaron su acceso a la biopsia. Se calcularon índices de disparidad (OR) y se realizaron análisis multivariados para controlar confusiones generadas por las características sociodemogrßficas. Finalmente se evaluó una posible interacción entre el régimen, la localización de la residencia y el nivel educativo de las mujeres.Resultados: Tienen mayor probabilidad de enfrentar barreras económicas para acceder a la biopsia las afiliadas al régimen subsidiado (OR: 3.8 IC 95% 2.65-5.49) y las pobres sin afiliación (OR: 4.9 IC 95% 3.00-7.99). Tienen mayor probabilidad de enfrentar barreras geogrßficas para acceder a este procedimiento las afiliadas al régimen subsidiado (OR: 2.0 IC 95% 1.31- 3.22) y las que viven en el campo (OR: 11.0 IC 95% 6.45-18.51). Conclusiones: El aseguramiento no desaparece las barreras económicas y geográficas en el acceso a la biopsia para el diagnóstico de cßncer de seno.
Objetive: This study aims to evaluating whether health insurance status determines access to biopsy for diagnose of breast cancer among women in Colombia. Materials and methods: A retrospective follow-up study was carried out in women on treatment for breast cancer, selected from public and private institutions in six cities. A survey to collect information about health insurance status and economic, geographic, organizational and administrative barriers that might constrain access to diagnosis by biopsy was applied. To evaluate equity logistic regression model to calculate odds ratios to establish the association between health insurance status and putative barriers was used. Finally a multivariate analysis to control for confounding factors of women sociodemographic conditions was performed. Additionally interaction with their educative level and their residence location was evaluated. Results: Higher probabilities of barriers to biopsy in women with subsidized health insurance (OR 3.8 CI 95% 2.65-5.49) and for those without insurance (OR 4.9 CI 95% 3.00-7.99), compared to the insured women to face economic barriers for accessing diagnosis services for breast cancer were found. Also, women with health subsidized by the government together with those living in rural areas have a greater probability of geographic barriers (OR 2.0; CI 1.31-3.22) and (OR: 11.0 CI 95% 6.45-18.51) respectively. Conclusions: The study suggests that the use of diagnosis services for breast cancer is inequitable because the differences in probabilities affect the most vulnerable groups. The health insurance model may be responsible for this inequity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Early Detection of Cancer , Health Services Accessibility , Breast NeoplasmsABSTRACT
The four primary objectives of this descriptive study were to: 1) design a quality-measurement instrument for institutional cancer registries (ICRs), 2) evaluate the existing ICRs in Colombia with the designed instrument, 3) categorize the different registries according to heir quality and prioritize efforts that will efficiently promote better registries with the limited resources available, and 4) determine the institution with the greatest likelihood of successfully establishing Colombia's second population-based cancer registry. In 1990 the National Cancer Institute of Colombia developed 13 instituion-based cancer registries in different Colombian cities in order to promote the collection of data from a large group of cancer diagnostic and treatment centers. During the first half of 1997, this evaluation reviewed 12 registries; one of the original 13 no longer existed. All of the Colombian institutions (hospitals) that maintain institution-based cancer registries were included in the study. At each institution, a brief survey was administered to the hospital director, the registry coordinator, and the registrar (data manager). Researchers investigated the institutions by looking at six domains that are in standard use internationally. Within each domain, questions were developed and selected through the Delphi method. Each domain and each question were assigned weights through a consensus process. In most cases, two interviewers went to each site to collect the information. The university hospitals in Cali, Pereira, and Medellin had substantially higher scores, reflecting a good level of performance. Four of the 12 institutions had almost no cancer registy work going on. Five of the 12 hospital directors considered that the information provided by the cancer registries influenced their administrative decisions. Three of the registries had patient survival data. Four of the institutions allocated specific resources to operate their cancer registries; in the other 8 hospitals there was no clear budget allocation. Seven of the hospital directors could not identify five or more objectives of a cancer registry. ...